The Jewish people have ancient ties to Portugal, but the Portuguese Jewish community experienced dramatic changes beginning in the early 15th century: expulsion, forced conversion and the Inquisition. In 1989, a formal apology from the Portuguese people was issued to the Jews and in 1996 the Decree of Expulsion was nullified on the 500th anniversary of its issuance.
During WWII, many Jews passed through Portugal, mostly immigrating to other countries and later also to Israel.Israel recognized four Portuguese "Righteous Gentiles". The most well known is Aristides de Sousa Mendes, who issued visas to thousands of Jews while serving as the Portuguese consul-general in Bordeaux, France during the Holocaust.
This stamp is issued to mark 40 years of friendship between the two countries.
Common Bottlenose Dolphin. (Tursiops truncatus) belongs to the family Delphinidae and is most commonly found in tropical to temperate oceans, mainly in the shallow waters of the continental shelf, where water depths are up to 200 meters. Mature dolphins range from 2-4 meters in length and weigh between 150-650 kgs.
2. Israel - Germany Joint Issue
Fifty years ago on May 12, 1965, as the agreement establishing German-Israeli diplomatic relations was signed, no one could have imagined that Israel and Germany would be the close allies they are today. Relations between Israel and Germany developed against the background of Nazi Germany's role in the genocide of the Jewish people during the Holocaust. Two statesmen, David Ben-Gurion, one of the founders and first Prime Minister of Israel, and Konrad Adenauer, the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany made it possible, against all odds, for the two countries to engage in direct exchange. The way was paved mainly by the civil societies on each side. They built the important bridges between people in both countries.
In 2003, the White City of Tel-Aviv was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site thanks to its many buildings designed in the international style known as Bauhaus architecture.
The Bauhaus school was founded in Germany after WWI. Its goal was to provide an innovative solution suitable to the high social standards of that time. New construction technologies enabled by the industrial revolution were utilized by the school.The fifth Aliyah (1933-1939) brought numerous wealthy people to Eretz Israel, along with many construction professionals. The population also increased greatly, creating a severe housing shortage.
The new style of building provided a solution to this problem, as well as a way to differentiate "Hebrew" construction from both the local Eastern style and the classic European style that raised extremely difficult memories.
The international architectural style inspired by the modern movement provided unique local solutions suited to the geographical area as well as to the spirit of the place. The "German" Aliyah left its mark on more than the architecture itself. Many construction-related German words, such as "spachtel" (putty knife), are used in Hebrew to this day.
The stamp features the Beit Bruno building located 3 Strauss St. which was built by architect Zeev Heller in 1935.The stamp tab features the logo marking 50 years of diplomatic relations between Israel and Germany. The logo was designed by Ariel Wollek of Israel and Ticha Matting of Germany - winners of a competition initiated by the Israeli and German Foreign Offices.
To be continued ...
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